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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy
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Physical Activity in High-Risk Pregnancies.

Christina Sitzberger1, Juliane Hansl1, Ricardo Felberbaum2

  • 1Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Physical activity significantly decreases during pregnancy, especially for women using assisted reproduction technologies (ART) or with fetal congenital heart defects (CHD). Most pregnant women do not meet WHO physical activity recommendations.

Keywords:
assisted reproductive technologycongenital heart diseasefetalphysical activitypregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Physical activity during pregnancy offers maternal and fetal health benefits.
  • WHO recommends 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity weekly for pregnant women.
  • Current recommendations lack specific guidance for high-risk groups like those undergoing assisted reproduction technologies (ART) or with fetal congenital heart defects (CHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ART and/or fetal CHD diagnosis impacts physical activity levels in pregnant women.
  • To compare physical activity levels before and during pregnancy in these groups.
  • To assess if high-risk pregnancies meet WHO physical activity guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, monocentric study involving 158 pregnant women.
  • Participants were recruited from specialized clinics in Germany.
  • Standardized questionnaires assessed physical activity levels before and during pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Women who conceived via ART showed significantly reduced physical activity during pregnancy compared to naturally conceived pregnancies.
  • All groups exhibited lower and less intense physical activity during pregnancy versus before pregnancy.
  • Increased maternal age correlated with higher CHD likelihood and lower pre-pregnancy physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Assisted reproduction technologies (ART) and fetal congenital heart defects (CHD) are associated with reduced physical activity in pregnant women.
  • Physical activity levels decline during pregnancy across healthy and high-risk groups.
  • A significant portion of pregnant women, including high-risk individuals, do not meet WHO physical activity recommendations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.