Optimization of Salt-Leaching Parameters for Gelatin/Na₂Ti₃O₇ Scaffolds Using a Mixture Design Experiment

The purpose of this research was to learn the formation of biomedical scaffold material from gelatin by using titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇), which is a newly synthesized derivative of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) with gelatin. It was prepared by mixed several solutions and cross-linked molecules by heating and salt-leaching. The biomedical scaffold was formed, and its porosity depended on the size of the salt crystal. The mixture was designed by using a mixture design with three factors: gelatin, titanate, and deionized water to determine the optimal mixture for the tensile strength of the biomedical scaffold. The microstructure of the biomedical scaffold was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings revealed that Na₂Ti₃O₇ thoroughly pen-extracted the biomedical scaffold, and the tensile strength of the gelatin/titanate scaffold was higher than the biomedical scaffold, which was formed using pure gelatin. By using the mixture design technique, the 14.73% gelatin, 0.2% Na₂Ti₃O₇, and 85.07% DI water got the highest yield of tensile strength (1508.15 kP). This was an about 4.88% increase in the tensile strength property when compared with using TiO₂.