Ethanol-Induced Flash Sintering of ZnO Ceramics at Room Temperature

Ceramic flash sintering with a strong electric field at room temperature is the most attractive method. This paper presents the flash sintering of ZnO ceramics at room temperature by the application of a 3-kV/cm electric field after a dropwise addition of ethanol. This method is simple and easy to control. The density of the specimen exceeded 96% after 30 s of sintering. No significant difference was observed in the initiation voltage of flash sintering with and without the dropwise addition of ethanol. Ethanol burns upon dropwise addition, causing a discharge to first occur far from the location of the dropwise addition, followed by glowing and heating up, which causes the temperature of the entire specimen to rise.