2D/1D MXene/MWCNT Hybrid Membrane-Based Evaporator for Solar Desalination

Solar vapor generation through evaporation using photothermal materials is a promising candidate for seawater desalination. The Ti₃C₂ MXene membrane has exhibited photothermal behavior in solar water evaporation. However, dense packed two-dimensional (2D) MXene membrane with high reflection loss and insufficient vapor escape channels limited its solar evaporation performance. In this work, one-dimensional (1D) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were added into 2D Ti₃C₂ nanosheets as the holder to form a 2D/1D hybrid photothermal membrane. Owing to the 2D/1D hybrid structure, more effective broadband solar absorption, water transportation and vapor escape were achieved.