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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

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Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
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Sulfur in Seeds: An Overview.

Sananda Mondal1, Kalipada Pramanik2, Debasish Panda1

  • 1Department of Crop Physiology, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan 731236, India.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Sulfur is vital for crop plants, impacting seed yield and quality. This review covers sulfur metabolism in seeds, focusing on its role in development, storage, and germination.

Keywords:
seed germinationseed primingseed storage proteinssulfate transporterssulfur

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sulfur (S) is a crucial secondary macronutrient for plant growth.
  • S metabolism in seeds is critical for storage proteins, transporters, and germination.
  • Understanding S metabolism is key to improving crop yield and quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of sulfur metabolism in crop seeds.
  • To highlight the significance of S in seed development, storage, and germination.
  • To discuss source-to-sink relationships, S transporters, and S-regulated seed proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on sulfur metabolism in seeds.
  • Synthesis of information on S transporters, seed storage proteins, and germination.
  • Analysis of S's role in oilseeds, legumes, and cereals.

Main Results:

  • Sulfur is essential for seed yield and quality, affecting oil content, protein storage, and carbohydrate metabolism.
  • S transporters play a significant role in nutrient uptake and distribution within seeds.
  • Sulfur influences the synthesis and accumulation of sulfur-containing seed storage proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur metabolism is a decisive factor for seed yield and quality in various crops.
  • Further research is needed to comprehensively understand S metabolism during seed development, storage, and germination.
  • Future perspectives include exploring S mechanisms for enhanced seed characteristics.