Game-Based Dual-Task Exercise Program for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Blending Balance, Visuomotor and Cognitive...

The objective of this exploratory randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to provide evidence for the feasibility and therapeutic value of a novel game-based dual-task balance exercise program in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty children with CP were recruited and randomized into two groups: (a) the conventional balance training group (CG) and (b) the experimental group (XG), which received a game-based dual-task (DT) balance exercise program. Both groups received their respective therapy programs for 12 weeks at a frequency of three sessions per week. Semi-structured interviews with the parents and children and qualitative analysis were conducted to evaluate the children's experiences with the game-based exercise program. The quantitative analysis included (a) the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), (b) Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), and (c) computerized measures of standing balance performance during various dual-task conditions. Compliance was 100% for all 20 participants. Four themes captured the range of each participant's experiences and opinions: (a) reasons for participation, (b) likes and dislikes with the technologies, (c) positive effects of the program, and (d) future expectations. Children in the XG demonstrated greater improvements in PBS, GMFM, and DT balance measures as compared to children in the CG. The findings demonstrate feasible trial procedures and acceptable DT-oriented training with a high compliance rate and positive outcomes. These findings support further research and development and progression to the next phase of a full-scale RCT to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the game-based DT balance exercise program for children with CP.