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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

Overview of the Cardiovascular System

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Cardiovascular System during SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Maciej Koźlik1, Adrianna Błahuszewska2, Maciej Kaźmierski1

  • 1Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) can harm the heart, causing cardiac injury in 1 in 4 patients. This significantly increases mortality risk, especially with existing cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

Keywords:
cardiac complicationscardiac injurycoronavirus disease 2019prognosistroponin

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection extends beyond respiratory effects, impacting cardiovascular health.
  • COVID-19 presents a significant threat to cardiac function and vascular integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To analyze outcomes, comorbidities, and cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 56 publications from November 2020 to August 2021.
  • Databases searched include PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, Oxford Academic, Wiley Online Library, and ClinicalKey.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac injury affects approximately 25% of COVID-19 patients.
  • Myocardial injury is an independent risk factor, increasing mortality multiple times.
  • New-onset cardiac injury occurs in about 10% of COVID-19 patients.
  • Comorbidities like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes worsen outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 frequently causes cardiac injury, significantly impacting patient prognosis.
  • Pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and diabetes exacerbate adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.
  • Thorough cardiac assessment is crucial for patients with COVID-19 to identify and manage potential complications.