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Related Concept Videos

Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Manipulation and Analysis01:21

Manipulation and Analysis

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GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
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Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

Levels of Use of a GIS

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response01:29

Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

188
Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

244
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Introduction to GIS01:28

Introduction to GIS

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional information systems that address general queries, GIS incorporates spatial components, enabling users to answer "where" and "how far." For example, GIS can process housing data linked to geographic locations like zip codes, allowing insights into population density or housing distribution through thematic maps.GIS integrates technologies such as...
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Spatiotemporal Analysis for COVID-19 Delta Variant Using GIS-Based Air Parameter and Spatial Modeling.

Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi1,2, Hepi Hapsari Handayani1, Idaa Warmadewanthi3

  • 1Geomatics Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 15, 2022
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Summary

This study analyzed COVID-19 spread in Surabaya, finding that social restrictions reduced virus transmission and air pollution. The epicenter location shifted randomly, but overall spread decreased significantly.

Keywords:
COVID-19air pollutionslockdownspatial pattern

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presents a global challenge, necessitating studies on disease spread and influencing factors.
  • Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 is crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the spatiotemporal spread pattern of COVID-19 in Surabaya.
  • To investigate the relationship between air pollution parameters (CO, NO2, SO2, O3) and COVID-19 spread.
  • To assess the impact of social restrictions on virus transmission and air quality.

Main Methods:

  • Spatiotemporal analysis using weighted mean center, directional distribution, Getis-Ord Gi*, and Moran's I.
  • Geographically weighted regression to identify spatial influence zones of COVID-19.
  • Correlation analysis between COVID-19 cases, air pollutant levels, and social restriction policies.

Main Results:

  • The COVID-19 epicenter location shifted randomly, but overall spread in Surabaya significantly decreased.
  • High infection clusters were identified in the eastern and southern regions; cases showed clustering during spikes.
  • Lockdown policies led to reduced levels of CO, NO2, SO2, and O3, with pollution increasing after 7 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • Social restrictions and lockdowns effectively reduced COVID-19 transmission and air pollution in Surabaya.
  • Air quality improved during lockdown periods, particularly near outbreak centers.
  • Monitoring spatiotemporal patterns and environmental factors is vital for managing pandemics.