Smart Nucleic Acid Hydrogels with High Stimuli-Responsiveness in Biomedical Fields

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Hydrogels are recognized for their hydrophilic, biocompatible, and adjustable characteristics.
• Incorporating nucleic acids enhances hydrogel stimuli-responsiveness, creating intelligent biomaterials.
• Smart nucleic acid hydrogels (NAHs) represent a new frontier in advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the development and utilization of smart nucleic acid hydrogels (NAHs).
• To elaborate on NAHs with high stimuli-responsiveness, including pure and hybrid forms.
• To discuss the research progress and future prospects of NAHs in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review focusing on nucleic acid hydrogels.
• Detailed analysis of four key stimulation factors: pH, ions, small molecules, and temperature.
• Exploration of recent advancements in biomedical applications of NAHs.

Main Results:

• NAHs exhibit high stimuli-responsiveness due to nucleic acid integration.
• Four primary stimuli (pH, ions, small molecules, temperature) were detailed for NAH control.
• Significant progress has been made in applying NAHs across various biomedical fields.

Conclusions:

• Nucleic acid hydrogels are promising intelligent biomaterials with tunable properties.
• Further research into NAHs offers substantial opportunities for biomedical innovation.
• Addressing current challenges is crucial for the future development and clinical translation of NAHs.