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Production and Biochemical Characterization of Dimeric Recombinant Gremlin-1.

Stefania Mitola1, Cosetta Ravelli1, Michela Corsini1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a method to produce active, homodimeric gremlin-1 (a protein regulating development and disease) using HEK293T cells. This purified gremlin-1 protein functions as both a BMP antagonist and VEGFR2 agonist.

Keywords:
HEK293T expression systemcystine-knot proteindimergremlin-1

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gremlin-1 is a secreted protein regulating development, fibrosis, and cancer.
  • Its biological activities depend on its homodimeric form.
  • Gremlin-1 antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and binds heparin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a multi-step method for expressing and purifying active, homodimeric, histidine-tagged recombinant gremlin-1.
  • To characterize the biological activities of the purified recombinant gremlin-1.

Main Methods:

  • Expression of recombinant gremlin-1 in mammalian HEK293T cells.
  • Purification using a combination of ion metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and heparin-affinity chromatography.
  • Assessment of biological activity as a BMP antagonist and VEGFR2 agonist.

Main Results:

  • A highly pure, homodimeric, histidine-tagged recombinant gremlin-1 protein was obtained.
  • The purified gremlin-1 demonstrated potent BMP antagonist activity.
  • The purified gremlin-1 exhibited significant VEGFR2 agonist activity.

Conclusions:

  • A robust method for producing active, dimeric gremlin-1 was developed.
  • This recombinant gremlin-1 can be utilized in further studies of its biological roles.
  • The findings provide a valuable tool for research in embryonic development, tissue fibrosis, and cancer.