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Genes and Longevity of Lifespan
May Nasser Bin-Jumah1,2, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3, Sadaf Jamal Gilani4
1Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 15, 2022
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence human lifespan, with over fifty genes identified for their role in longevity. Understanding these genes and cellular pathways is key to exploring aging and extending life expectancy.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Genetics
- Molecular Biology and Aging Research
Background:
- Aging is a complex process influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle, leading to decreased physiological function and increased disease risk.
- Human lifespan has increased due to medical advances and improved nutrition, with genetics accounting for approximately 40% of life expectancy.
- Genomic integrity, maintained by DNA repair mechanisms, is crucial for cellular function and preventing age-related diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current knowledge on genes and genetic mechanisms regulating human lifespan.
- To explore the interplay between genetic factors, cellular pathways, and longevity.
- To provide an updated account of genetic contributions to extended lifespan.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of over fifty genes associated with longevity in humans and non-human orthologs.
- Analysis of genetic factors, including DNA repair, modifications (methylation, acetylation), and their impact on cellular processes.
- Examination of key regulatory pathways such as DAF-16/FOXO, TOR, and JNK in lifespan determination.
Main Results:
- Identification of numerous genes and genetic mechanisms that regulate lifespan across different organisms.
- Demonstration of the critical role of DNA integrity and repair in preventing age-related cellular damage and apoptosis.
- Highlighting the involvement of specific cellular pathways (DAF-16/FOXO, TOR, JNK) in mediating the effects of genetic factors on longevity.
Conclusions:
- Genetics plays a substantial role in determining lifespan, interacting with cellular pathways to influence aging.
- Maintaining genomic stability through effective DNA repair is fundamental for healthy aging and longevity.
- Further research into these genetic factors and pathways can inform strategies for promoting healthy aging and extending human life.
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