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Plant Executor Genes.

Zhiyuan Ji1, Wei Guo2, Xifeng Chen2

  • 1National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant Executor (E) genes trap pathogen TALEs to trigger a hypersensitive response (HR), conferring resistance. This review summarizes E gene activation, E protein traits, and classification for disease resistance breeding.

Keywords:
R geneTALEexecutor geneinnate immunityplant resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Plant-microbe interactions

Background:

  • Executor (E) genes are a novel class of plant resistance (R) genes identified in host-Xanthomonas interactions.
  • Xanthomonas transcription activation-like effectors (TALEs) typically enhance virulence by activating susceptibility (S) genes.
  • E genes exploit this by possessing effector-binding elements (EBEs) in their promoters, leading to HR and disease resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on TALE-type avirulence proteins and E gene activation.
  • To review E protein structural characteristics and their role in signal transduction.
  • To discuss the classification of E genes to enhance understanding of plant E genes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on E genes and TALEs.
  • Analysis of structural motifs shared by E proteins.
  • Compilation of information on E gene activation mechanisms and classification.

Main Results:

  • E genes function by trapping pathogen TALEs, leading to hypersensitive response (HR) and disease resistance.
  • E proteins share structural motifs potentially involved in effector-triggered immunity signaling.
  • No significant nucleotide sequence homology exists among E genes, but functional similarities are observed.

Conclusions:

  • E gene-based resistance is a significant strategy in crop disease resistance breeding, particularly for rice bacterial blight.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms and signaling pathways of E proteins.
  • Understanding E genes and their interaction with TALEs is crucial for developing durable disease resistance in plants.