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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease.

Patrícia C Braga1, Marco G Alves1, Anabela S Rodrigues2,3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-523 Porto, Portugal.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Novel therapies targeting these pathways, including antioxidants, may offer new hope for preserving kidney function.

Keywords:
chronic kidney disease (CKD)electron transport phosphorylation (ETC) impairmentepithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)fibrosismitochondriaoxidative stress (OS)

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Interstitial fibroblasts maintain kidney structure, but their dysfunction contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The kidney's high metabolic rate makes it susceptible to oxidative stress (OS)-induced mitochondrial damage, a key factor in CKD.
  • Current CKD treatments lack efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of fibroblasts and potentiators in CKD.
  • To highlight the significance of mitochondrial integrity in renal function and disease.
  • To review the potential of antioxidant and metabolic therapies for delaying CKD progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on fibroblast roles, mitochondrial function in kidneys, and oxidative stress in CKD.
  • Analysis of existing research on the electron transport chain (ETC) and its relation to kidney disease.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on antioxidant and metabolic interventions for CKD.

Main Results:

  • Fibroblast activation and dysfunction are implicated in renal interstitial fibrosis, a hallmark of CKD.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, including impaired electron transport chain (ETC) activity, is a critical factor in CKD pathogenesis.
  • Antioxidant and metabolic strategies show promise in mitigating CKD markers and potentially slowing disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding fibroblast behavior and mitochondrial health is crucial for developing effective CKD treatments.
  • Targeting oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function represent promising therapeutic avenues for managing chronic kidney diseases.
  • Further research into antioxidant and pharmacologic agents is warranted to combat CKD progression and preserve kidney function.