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Related Concept Videos

Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

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Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:07

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

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Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts—the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In plants, the highest density of chloroplasts is found in the mesophyll cells of leaves.
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Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
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The Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:08

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

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Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They coordinate both stages of photosynthesis — the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to release oxygen and produce chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions capture CO2 and use ATP and NADPH to produce sugar.
Structure of...
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Light as Energy01:35

Light as Energy

82.0K
The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit...
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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Evaluation of Photosynthetic Behaviors by Simultaneous Measurements of Leaf Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analyses
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Chlorophylls: A Personal Snapshot.

Hugo Scheer1

  • 1Bereich Systematik, Biodiversität und Evolution der Pflanzen, Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chlorophylls are essential for photosynthesis and life on Earth, with diverse applications in science and medicine. Ongoing research continues to reveal new insights into these vital pigments and their carotenoid partners.

Keywords:
applicationschlorophyllscurrent researchhistory

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Plant Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Chlorophylls are fundamental pigments enabling photosynthesis, supporting most life on Earth.
  • Beyond photosynthesis, chlorophylls function in light harvesting, sensing, and electron transfer.
  • These pigments have broad applications in basic science, medicine, colorants, and optoelectronics.

Observation:

  • Despite over 200 years of research, chlorophylls continue to be a dynamic area of scientific inquiry.
  • This Special Issue compiles recent advancements in the study of chlorophylls and their carotenoid counterparts.
  • The collection includes historical perspectives and current research findings on chlorophylls.

Findings:

  • Recent research demonstrates novel functions and applications of chlorophylls.
  • Studies explore the intricate roles of chlorophylls and carotenoids in various biological and chemical processes.
  • The ongoing investigation into these pigments reveals their multifaceted nature.

Implications:

  • Continued research on chlorophylls promises to unlock new applications in medicine and optoelectronics.
  • Understanding chlorophylls enhances our knowledge of fundamental biological processes like photosynthesis.
  • This work underscores the enduring significance and broad applicability of chlorophyll research.