FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology.

Area of Science:

• Exercise physiology
• Molecular biology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• A sedentary lifestyle is linked to increased risks of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders.
• Physical activity improves well-being and mitigates disease risk.
• Irisin, an exercise-induced hormone derived from FNDC5, acts as a molecular mediator of exercise benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the scientific literature from the past decade on irisin.
• To explore irisin's structural and biochemical properties.
• To elucidate irisin's role in various pathological conditions and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies published over the last ten years.
• Analysis of research on irisin's effects on adipocytes, metabolism, bone, and nervous system.
• Examination of irisin's involvement in carcinogenesis, including cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.

Main Results:

• Irisin demonstrates diverse beneficial effects, including adipocyte browning and metabolic modulation.
• Irisin plays a significant role in regulating bone and nervous system functions.
• Studies indicate irisin influences cancer cell behavior, suggesting a role in carcinogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Irisin acts as a molecular mimic of exercise, offering potential therapeutic applications.
• Further research into irisin's mechanisms and receptors (potentially integrins) is warranted.
• Irisin shows promise for preventing or treating metabolic diseases and potentially other conditions.