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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

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FNDC5/Irisin: Physiology and Pathophysiology.

Rashid Waseem1, Anas Shamsi1, Taj Mohammad1

  • 1Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
Summary

Physical exercise boosts health, and irisin (a hormone) mimics these benefits. Research highlights irisin

Keywords:
human pathophysiologyirisinstructural insighttherapeutic potential

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • A sedentary lifestyle is linked to increased risks of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders.
  • Physical activity improves well-being and mitigates disease risk.
  • Irisin, an exercise-induced hormone derived from FNDC5, acts as a molecular mediator of exercise benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific literature from the past decade on irisin.
  • To explore irisin's structural and biochemical properties.
  • To elucidate irisin's role in various pathological conditions and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published over the last ten years.
  • Analysis of research on irisin's effects on adipocytes, metabolism, bone, and nervous system.
  • Examination of irisin's involvement in carcinogenesis, including cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Irisin demonstrates diverse beneficial effects, including adipocyte browning and metabolic modulation.
  • Irisin plays a significant role in regulating bone and nervous system functions.
  • Studies indicate irisin influences cancer cell behavior, suggesting a role in carcinogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Irisin acts as a molecular mimic of exercise, offering potential therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into irisin's mechanisms and receptors (potentially integrins) is warranted.
  • Irisin shows promise for preventing or treating metabolic diseases and potentially other conditions.