The Impact of COVID-19 On Comorbidities: A Review Of Recent Updates For Combating It

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Jonaid Ahmad Malik1,2, Sakeel Ahmed3, Mrunal Shinde4

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India.

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
|February 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing COVID-19, significantly worsens pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurological disorders (NDs). This review details COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and has led to a global pandemic with millions of cases and deaths.
  • SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs but can impact multiple organs, including the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal system.
  • A significant proportion (75%) of hospitalized COVID-19 patients present with at least one comorbidity, including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest information on the impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neurological disorders (NDs), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • To enhance understanding of the current landscape of COVID-19 and its interaction with comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current information regarding COVID-19 and its effects on various pre-existing health conditions.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 exacerbates pre-existing conditions, leading to severe complications, particularly in older adults and those with multiple comorbidities.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with hypercoagulability, increasing risks for conditions like stroke and pulmonary embolism.
  • Common comorbidities include hypertension, neurological disorders (NDs), diabetes, cancer, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 and comorbidities is crucial for effective patient management and clinical decision-making.
  • The review highlights the importance of considering pre-existing conditions when addressing COVID-19 complications.

Keywords:
ACE-2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2AD, Alzheimer’s DiseaseAIA, Avian Influenza AAMI, Acute Myocardial InfarctionANE, Acute Necrotizing EncephalopathyARBs, Angiotensin receptors blockersBP, Blood pressureCAP, Community-Acquired PneumoniaCDCP, Centres for Disease Control and PreventionCF, Cardiac failureCHD, Coronary heart diseaseCOPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCVDs, cardiovascular diseasesCVS, CardiovascularComorbiditiesComplicationsDIC, Disseminated intravascular coagulationDM, Diabetes MellitusFLAIR, Fluid-Attenuated Inversion RecoveryG+C, Guanine + CytosineGBS, Guillain-Barre SyndromeHCQ, HydroxychloroquineHLH, Hemophagocytic LymphohistiocytosisHT, HypertensionICUs, Intensive care unitsIVIG, Intravenous immunoglobin, KIMII-Kawasaki-identical to multisystem inflammatory illnessKMS, Kasabach-Merritt SyndromeMI, Myocardial infarctionMortalityNDs, Neurological disordersNSTEMI, Non-ST-elevated myocardial infarctionPCI, Percutaneous Coronary InterventionPD, Parkinson’s DiseasePPE, Personal protective equipmentRNS, Reactive Nitrogen SpeciesROS, Reactive oxygen speciesSARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SEM, Scanning electronic microscopeSIRS, Systemic inflammatory response syndromeSTEMI, ST-elevated myocardial infarctionVariantspRb, Retinoblastoma protein

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