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COVID-19: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Abdullah Aldawas1, Mateen Ishfaq1
1Pediatrics, King Saud Hospital, Unayzah, SAU.
Insights
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe condition linked to COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Early diagnosis and treatment with IVIG can lead to significant improvement.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Critical care medicine
- Public health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges in pediatric healthcare.
- While typically mild in children, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe complications.
- Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) emerged as a significant concern, presenting similarly to Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome.
Observation:
- A 12-year-old previously healthy boy presented with fever, rash, conjunctivitis, and multiorgan dysfunction.
- The patient had a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.
- Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with a diagnosis of MIS-C.
Findings:
- The patient received a two-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
- Supportive care was administered alongside IVIG treatment.
- The child showed clinical improvement, including defervescence and normalization of acute-phase reactants.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of recognizing MIS-C in children with COVID-19.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including IVIG, are crucial for favorable outcomes.
- Further research into the pathophysiology and long-term effects of MIS-C is warranted.
Abstract:
A novel coronavirus was identified in late 2019 that rapidly reached pandemic proportions. The World Health Organization has designated the disease as COVID-19, which stands for coronavirus disease 2019. In children, COVID-19 is usually mild. However, in rare cases, children can be severely affected, and clinical manifestations may differ from adults. In April of 2020, reports from the United Kingdom documented a presentation in children similar to incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD) or toxic shock syndrome. Since then, there have been reports of similarly affected children in other parts of the world. The condition has been termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We report a case of a 12-year-old previously healthy boy admitted with fever, generalized skin rash, conjunctivitis, and multiorgan dysfunction with positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and diagnosed as MIS-C on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria. He received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for two days and other supportive treatment. He improved with defervescence and normalization of acute-phase reactants.
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