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Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
Published on: December 18, 2014
A randomized controlled trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fear extinction retention in healthy
Jessica L Maples-Keller1, Seth D Norrholm2, Mark Burton1
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Background:
Fear conditioning and extinction are well-characterized cross-species models of fear-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and recent animal data suggest that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) enhances fear extinction retention.
Aims:
This study investigated the effect of MDMA on fear learning, extinction training, and retention in healthy humans.
Methods:
The study involved a randomized placebo-controlled, two-group, parallel design trial in a sample of healthy adults, age 21-55 recruited from a major metropolitan area. The experimental paradigm included a fear acquisition session followed by an extinction training session 24 hours later, and 2 hours after study drug administration. Fear extinction retention was measured 48 hours after extinction training. Participants (N = 34; 70.6% male and 29.4% female) were randomly assigned in 1:1 ratio to 100 mg MDMA or placebo. All randomized participants completed the trial and were included in primary analyses. Safety was monitored via adverse events and vital signs. MDMA was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.
Results:
Results indicated a significant main effect of session between extinction training and retention with no significant group differences. Significantly more participants in the MDMA group retained extinction learning compared to the placebo group (χ2 = 7.29, p = 0.007).
Conclusion:
Although we did not observe the hypothesized facilitation of extinction retention, the findings from this initial human trial provide compelling rationale to continue to explore the potential for MDMA to impact extinction retention.Clinical Trials Registry Name and Identifier: Evaluation of MDMA on Startle Response (NCT0318176) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03181763?term = MDMA&draw = 2&rank = 9.
Insights
This study explored 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) effects on fear extinction retention in humans. Results showed MDMA significantly improved extinction retention compared to placebo, suggesting therapeutic potential for PTSD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychopharmacology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Fear conditioning and extinction are key models for PTSD.
- Animal studies suggest MDMA enhances fear extinction retention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate MDMA's effect on fear learning, extinction training, and retention in healthy adults.
- To assess MDMA's safety and tolerability in this context.
Main Methods:
- Randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 34 healthy adults (ages 21-55).
- Participants received either 100mg MDMA or placebo.
- Fear acquisition, extinction training, and retention tests were conducted over 48 hours.
Main Results:
- MDMA was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.
- Significantly more participants in the MDMA group retained extinction learning compared to placebo (p=0.007).
Conclusions:
- Findings support further research into MDMA's potential to enhance extinction retention.
- MDMA may offer a novel therapeutic avenue for PTSD treatment.
