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Neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with cleft lip and palate: A longitudinal study based on the Japan

Shinobu Tsuchiya1, Masahiro Tsuchiya2, Haruki Momma3

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Speech Therapy for Craniofacial Anomalies, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.

European Journal of Oral Sciences
|February 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) show developmental delays. Longitudinal study reveals significant differences in communication, problem-solving, and personal-social skills by 24 months.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric developmental neuroscience
  • Congenital anomaly research
  • Longitudinal cohort studies

Background:

  • Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most common congenital anomaly.
  • Existing research on CL/P's developmental impact is often limited by cross-sectional designs.
  • Understanding neurodevelopmental trajectories in CL/P is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally examine neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with CL/P.
  • To compare developmental outcomes in CL/P patients with the general population.
  • To identify specific domains of neurodevelopment affected by CL/P in early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a Japanese nationwide birth cohort study.
  • Employed linear mixed models to analyze Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) scores.
  • Assessed neurodevelopment semi-annually from 6 to 36 months of age across multiple domains.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories were observed between CL/P and control groups.
  • Children with CL/P exhibited notably lower scores in communication, problem-solving, and personal-social domains.
  • The most pronounced differences were identified in the communication domain at 24 months of age.

Conclusions:

  • Longitudinal data suggest neurodevelopmental delays in children with CL/P.
  • CL/P is associated with specific deficits in communication, problem-solving, and social skills during early development.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted developmental support for children with CL/P.

Keywords:
nationwide birth cohortorofacial cleftthe Ages and Stages Questionnaire

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