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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

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Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Published on: January 6, 2011
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Frameless Robotic-Assisted Deep Brain Stimulation With the Mazor Renaissance System.
Allison S Liang1, Elizabeth E Ginalis1, Raja Jani1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
|February 15, 2022
Summary
This study shows frameless robotic-assisted deep brain stimulation (DBS) using the Mazor Renaissance system is safe and efficient. Operative times and stereotactic accuracy were comparable to existing methods, with minimal complications.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Robotics
- Neurological Surgery
Background:
- Robotic systems automate complex lead implantation for deep brain stimulation (DBS).
- Existing literature primarily covers frame-based robotic DBS.
- Frameless robotic approaches, like the Mazor Renaissance system, are less reported.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate the initial case series of awake DBS using the Mazor Renaissance Guidance System.
- Assess operative variables and stereotactic accuracy in frameless robotic DBS.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 35 consecutive patients undergoing awake DBS.
- Collected data on operative times, microelectrode recording passes, and complications.
- Assessed implant accuracy via radial and vector errors; calculated pneumocephalus volumes.
Main Results:
- Operating room and procedural times were comparable to literature standards.
- Mean radial error was 1.3 ± 0.1 mm, with lower error for initial implants.
- Pneumocephalus volumes showed no correlation with increased passes, error, or complications.
Conclusions:
- Frameless robotic-assisted DBS is a safe and efficient technology.
- The Mazor Renaissance Guidance System was easily integrated into clinical workflow.
- This approach offers a viable alternative for DBS lead implantation.

