Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

12.8K
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
12.8K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

9.6K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
9.6K
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

13.5K
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
13.5K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

12.6K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
12.6K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.1K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.1K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.5K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tunable Synthesis of Multi-Responsive NH-Containing Helical Nanographenes With a Chiroptical Switching Function.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A Thermally and Photochemically Stable Fluorescent Radical-type Mechanophore for Durable Mechanoresponsive Polymers.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Superior Antithrombogenic Syndiotactic Poly(Substituted Methylene) with Densely Packed Methoxyethyl Ends of Highly Extended Side Chains at the Solid Film Surface.

ACS applied bio materials·2025
Same author

Controlled Grafting Density of Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes for Enhanced Antifouling Properties of Polymer Particles.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Tunable Mechanical and Dynamic Properties via Cross-Linker Length in Bis(hindered amino)Disulfide-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2025
Same author

Precise detection of local relaxation of amorphous polymers at low temperatures <i>via</i> O<sub>2</sub> diffusion probed by a dual-luminescent imide compound.

Soft matter·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K

Mechanochromic cyclodextrins.

Yuki Sugita1, Daisuke Aoki1,2, Masatoshi Tokita1

  • 1Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan. daoki@polymer.titech.ac.jp.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Synthesized mechanochromic cyclodextrins (MCDs) generate stable blue radical species upon grinding. These responsive materials can be quantified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

More Related Videos

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies
09:38

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

7.3K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K
Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies
09:38

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

7.3K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Mechanochromic materials change color or properties upon mechanical force.
  • Stable radical species are valuable for characterization and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel mechanochromic cyclodextrins (MCDs).
  • To investigate the mechanoresponsive behavior and radical generation of MCDs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of MCDs incorporating a diarylbibenzofuranone mechanophore and cyclodextrins.
  • Mechanical stress application (grinding) to induce mechanochromism.
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for quantitative characterization of radical species.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of MCDs with a defined structure.
  • Demonstrated generation of blue radical species upon grinding.
  • High mechanoresponsiveness observed, linked to cyclodextrin rigidity and supramolecular assembly.

Conclusions:

  • MCDs exhibit significant mechanochromic properties.
  • The stable radical species generated are amenable to quantitative EPR analysis.
  • The supramolecular structure and rigidity of cyclodextrins contribute to the material's responsiveness.