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Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: A narrative review
Harkaran S Rana1, Sruti S Akella2, Carson E Clabeaux3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Abstract:
Ocular surface disease (OSD) in the setting of thyroid eye disease (TED) is traditionally thought of as a natural consequence of anatomical changes such as proptosis and corneal exposure. However, a growing body of research suggests that ocular surface inflammation and multi-factorial changes to the homeostasis of the ocular surface contribute substantially to the OSD seen in TED patients. In this paper we review the existing literature which highlights the work and existing theories underlying this new paradigm shift.
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