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Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: A narrative review
Harkaran S Rana1, Sruti S Akella2, Carson E Clabeaux3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States.
The Ocular Surface
|February 15, 2022
Summary
Thyroid eye disease (TED) causes ocular surface disease (OSD) not just from anatomical changes, but also from inflammation and altered ocular surface homeostasis. This review explores the evolving understanding of OSD in TED.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Ocular surface disease (OSD) in thyroid eye disease (TED) was traditionally attributed to anatomical changes like proptosis.
- Recent research indicates ocular surface inflammation plays a significant role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on the multifactorial causes of OSD in TED.
- To highlight the shift towards understanding inflammation's role in OSD within TED.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research and theories.
- Synthesis of current understanding regarding OSD and TED.
Main Results:
- OSD in TED is increasingly recognized as involving inflammatory processes.
- Homeostasis of the ocular surface is significantly impacted in TED patients.
Conclusions:
- The paradigm for OSD in TED is shifting from purely anatomical to include inflammatory and homeostatic factors.
- Further research into these multifactorial aspects is warranted for improved management.
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