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Factors associated with incomplete child immunization in Pakistan: findings from Demographic and Health Survey

A Ali1, A Zar1, A Wadood2

  • 1Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.

Public Health
|February 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Incomplete childhood immunization in Pakistan is linked to region and maternal education. Improving maternal literacy and healthcare access can enhance immunization coverage for children.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood immunization is crucial for preventing infectious diseases and improving child survival rates.
  • Incomplete immunization remains a significant public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan.
  • Understanding the determinants of incomplete immunization is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the factors associated with incomplete immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Pakistan.
  • To identify regional disparities and socioeconomic factors influencing immunization status.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-2018).
  • Study included 2048 children aged 12-23 months.
  • Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between predictor variables and incomplete immunization.

Main Results:

  • Children residing in Baluchistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad, and Gilgit Baltistan had significantly higher odds of incomplete immunization compared to Punjabi children.
  • Children of mothers with primary or higher education and those born at a health facility had lower odds of incomplete vaccination.
  • Specific regional disparities were identified as key determinants of incomplete immunization.

Conclusions:

  • Improving maternal literacy rates is a critical factor in enhancing childhood immunization coverage.
  • Ensuring easy access to health facilities for childbirth and vaccination services can reduce incomplete immunization.
  • Addressing regional disparities in healthcare access and quality is vital for improving the overall immunization status of children in Pakistan.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenImmunizationPDHSPakistanRisk factors

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