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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

Differences in finished case quality between Invisalign and traditional fixed appliances.

Eric Lin, Katie Julien, Matthew Kesterke

The Angle Orthodontist

|February 15, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Invisalign aligners with SmartForce features showed similar posttreatment occlusal outcomes to traditional braces, despite longer treatment times. Both methods achieved comparable results after 6 months of retention.

Keywords:

ABO-OGS Discrepancy index Human Invisalign RCT Traditional fixed appliances

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Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Dental Technology

Background:

Traditional fixed appliances are widely used for malocclusion correction.
Advancements in clear aligner technology, such as Invisalign with SmartForce features, aim to improve treatment efficiency and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the treatment duration and posttreatment occlusal outcomes between Invisalign aligners with SmartForce features and traditional fixed appliances.
To evaluate the stability of occlusal results at 6 months posttreatment.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial involving 66 patients (32 aligners, 34 fixed appliances).
Occlusion was assessed using the ABO Discrepancy Index and ABO Objective Grading System (OGS) at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month retention.
Treatment duration was recorded and compared between groups.

Main Results:

The fixed appliance group completed treatment significantly faster (0.4 years) than the aligner group.
No statistically significant differences were found in total OGS scores between groups at posttreatment or 6-month retention.
While alignment and overjet worsened in the aligner group posttreatment, buccolingual inclinations and occlusal relations improved, with similar overall posttreatment changes observed between groups.

Conclusions:

Clear aligners require longer treatment times for simple malocclusions compared to traditional braces.
Despite longer treatment duration, Invisalign aligners with SmartForce features achieve comparable occlusal outcomes and stability to fixed appliances.