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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

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The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
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The Nativist Approach01:21

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

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The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

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Visual object categorization in infancy.

Céline Spriet1, Etienne Abassi1, Jean-Rémy Hochmann1

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, Bron 69675, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant visual categorization develops progressively, aligning with adult brain representations. Early visual exploration shifts to animate-inanimate distinctions, followed by a category spurt toward mature organization by 19 months.

Keywords:
categorizationcognitive developmentfMRIlooking timesvisual system

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Visual perception

Background:

  • Humans organize information into categories for understanding the world.
  • The emergence and development of object categorization in infancy are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if object categories emerging in early infancy align with neural representations in the adult visual cortex.
  • To map the developmental trajectory of visual categorization in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Eye tracking was used to measure looking times of 4-, 10-, and 19-month-old infants at object picture pairs.
  • Representational spaces were created based on infant looking behavior and compared with adult visual cortex models (fMRI-based).

Main Results:

  • Infants' looking behavior increasingly matched adult visual cortex representations with age.
  • Visual categorization in infants is an incremental process with key milestones.
  • Between 4-10 months, organization shifts to animate-inanimate; between 10-19 months, a category spurt occurs.

Conclusions:

  • Infant visual categorization develops incrementally, integrating more feature spaces within the visual cortex over time.
  • The findings suggest a developmental coupling between visual perception and cognitive development.
  • Milestones in categorization align with significant cognitive and perceptual development in early childhood.