Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

187
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
187
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

157
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
157
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

47.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
47.3K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

194
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
194
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

12.7K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.7K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

119.1K
Overview
119.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Coronavirus pandemic: treatment and future prevention.

Future microbiology·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.6K

Self-replicating vehicles based on negative strand RNA viruses.

Kenneth Lundstrom1

  • 1PanTherapeutics, Route de Lavaux 49, CH1095, Lutry, Switzerland. lundstromkenneth@gmail.com.

Cancer Gene Therapy
|February 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Self-replicating RNA viral vectors show promise for developing vaccines against infectious diseases and for cancer therapy. These engineered viruses have demonstrated effectiveness in preclinical studies and some clinical trials, offering new therapeutic avenues.

More Related Videos

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants
15:49

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants

Published on: June 9, 2022

1.6K
Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.6K
Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants
15:49

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants

Published on: June 9, 2022

1.6K
Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Self-replicating RNA viruses are engineered as expression vectors for vaccines and cancer therapies.
  • Negative strand RNA viruses like measles and rhabdoviruses are used for vaccine development against various viral threats.
  • Oncolytic viruses are increasingly applied in cancer therapy and immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of self-replicating RNA viral vectors in vaccine development and cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the potential of these vectors for infectious diseases and various cancer types.
  • To summarize preclinical and clinical findings regarding safety and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on engineered self-replicating RNA viral vectors.
  • Analysis of studies involving measles virus and rhabdovirus-based vectors.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical trial data for cancer vaccines and immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Viral vectors have successfully elicited strong neutralizing antibody responses and protection against lethal viral challenges in animal models.
  • Approved vaccines, such as Ervebo (VSV-based), demonstrate the clinical success of these vectors.
  • In cancer models, measles and VSV vectors have shown immune responses, tumor regression, and eradication.
  • Clinical trials indicate good safety profiles and dose-dependent activity in cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • Self-replicating RNA viral vectors are versatile tools for vaccine development and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further clinical investigation is warranted to fully realize their therapeutic potential.
  • These vectors offer a promising platform for addressing unmet medical needs in infectious diseases and oncology.