Olfactory dysfunction as a post-infectious symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Loss of smell and taste (anosmia) is an emerging symptom of COVID-19, distinct from other viral infections.
• While other viruses can cause anosmia, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a higher prevalence.
• Pathophysiology may involve nasal inflammation or direct damage to olfactory neuroepithelium, but anosmia in COVID-19 can occur without these signs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current epidemiological data on smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
• To explore the pathological mechanisms underlying olfactory and gustatory impairment caused by SARS-CoV-2.
• To discuss initial diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological studies on COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction.
• Analysis of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, including viral impact on the olfactory system.
• Summary of current diagnostic approaches and treatment options.

Main Results:

• Anosmia associated with SARS-CoV-2 may represent a unique viral syndrome.
• Experimental evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can infect the olfactory neural circuitry.
• Olfactory dysfunction significantly reduces patients' quality of life, affecting appetite and security.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19-related smell and taste loss is a significant issue impacting patient well-being.
• Understanding the unique mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 anosmia is crucial for effective management.
• Further research and focused attention are needed for diagnosis and treatment of this symptom.