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Brush-Like Interface on Surface-Attached Hydrogels Repels Proteins and Bacteria.

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Ultrathin hydrogel coatings of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA) offer superior biocompatibility for artificial materials. These readily applicable coatings prevent biofouling and bacterial adhesion, mimicking antifouling polymer brushes.

Keywords:
antiadhesive coatingantifoulingbrush-like structurenanoindentationultrathin hydrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Interfacing artificial materials with biological tissues is challenging due to biomacromolecule adsorption and subsequent cellular interactions.
  • Traditional antifouling polymer brushes offer protection but are synthetically complex, hindering practical applications.
  • Developing easily applicable coatings with brush-like performance is crucial for advancing biomedical device biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultrathin surface-attached hydrogel coatings as a facile alternative to polymer brushes for enhancing material biocompatibility.
  • To evaluate the antifouling and antibacterial properties of HPMA and CBMAA hydrogel coatings.
  • To elucidate the surface properties contributing to the observed antifouling performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ultrathin hydrogel coatings using N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA).
  • Assessment of antifouling properties against whole blood plasma.
  • Evaluation of bacterial adhesion (Gram-positive and Gram-negative).
  • Surface free energy analysis and nanoindentation experiments.
  • Assessment of stealth, non-cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial functionalization.

Main Results:

  • HPMA/CBMAA hydrogel coatings demonstrated effective prevention of whole blood plasma fouling.
  • These coatings significantly inhibited the adhesion of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Surface analysis revealed strong hydrophilicity and a brush-like structure at the water interface, contributing to antifouling efficacy.
  • Functionalized coatings exhibited antimicrobial activity while maintaining stealth properties and non-cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrathin, readily applicable hydrogel coatings provide antifouling and antibacterial performance comparable to complex polymer brushes.
  • The coatings' success is attributed to their hydrophilicity and interfacial structure.
  • This strategy offers a promising and practical approach to enhance the biocompatibility of biomedical devices.