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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis
07:56

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

Published on: May 5, 2023

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Endothelial inflammation and dysfunction in COVID-19.

Yordan Sbirkov1,2, Vasil Dzharov1, Krassimira Todorova3

  • 1Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

VASA. Zeitschrift Fur Gefasskrankheiten
|February 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 mortality is a major challenge. Understanding endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and developing advanced 3D models are crucial for new therapies against SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
COVID-19Thrombosisbiofabricationinflammationvascular endothelium

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic presents significant mortality challenges.
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) are key targets in viral infections, with their dysfunction contributing to COVID-19's thrombo-inflammatory pathology.
  • Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitate improved understanding and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ECs in health and inflammation.
  • To summarize SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and the utility of in vitro models.
  • To highlight 3D biofabrication for advanced in vitro models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on ECs, SARS-CoV-2, and in vitro models.
  • Analysis of the role of ACE2 receptors in viral entry.
  • Focus on 3D biofabrication techniques for mimicking host environments.

Main Results:

  • ECs play a critical role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, leading to thrombo-inflammatory complications.
  • In vitro models, including those using ACE2 receptors, have advanced understanding of viral entry.
  • 3D biofabrication offers potential for more predictive experimental platforms.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced in vitro models are essential for studying host-pathogen interactions.
  • 3D biofabrication can create sophisticated models for testing antivirals and vaccines.
  • Developing these platforms is critical for controlling COVID-19 and future viral threats.