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Multivalent non-covalent interactions lead to strongest polymer adhesion.

Max Lallemang1,2, Leixiao Yu3, Wanhao Cai1

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Multivalent interactions are key in biology. This study reveals intermediate-strength non-covalent bonds, like coordination bonds, offer superior strength in polymer coatings, outperforming covalent bonds.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Multivalent interactions are crucial for biological processes like inflammation inhibition and virus entry.
  • While stronger and more selective than monovalent interactions, their complexity hinders full understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify molecular interactions and bond dynamics in multifunctional polymers.
  • To correlate interaction forces with bond formation and breakage under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy.
  • Investigated multifunctional polymers attached to an AFM tip and a substrate-bound polymer layer.
  • Manipulated pH and polymer crosslinking to study interaction variations.

Main Results:

  • Detected molecular interactions ranging from piconewtons to nanonewtons.
  • Found that intermediate-strength non-covalent bonds (e.g., coordination bonds) exhibit the highest multivalent bond strength.
  • Observed that covalent bonds increase polymer layer density, thereby enhancing non-covalent interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The design of stable and durable polymer coatings relies on a diverse range of multivalent interactions.
  • Maintaining a high number of non-covalent interactions is critical for robust polymer coatings.