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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.5K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.0K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.0K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.7K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.2K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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High-Field Magnetoelectric and Spin-Phonon Coupling in Multiferroic (NH4)2[FeCl5·(H2O)].

Kendall D Hughey1, Minseong Lee2, Jisoo Nam3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|February 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study explores (NH4)2[FeCl5·(H2O)], a multiferroic material where magnetism and structure interact. Researchers found electric polarization changes with magnetic field-induced spin reorientations, revealing magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetism and Ferroelectricity

Background:

  • Molecular multiferroics exhibit complex interplay between charge, structure, and magnetism.
  • Intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen and halogen bonds, are crucial for controlling multiferroic properties.
  • Understanding magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms is key to developing advanced functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multiferroic properties of (NH4)2[FeCl5·(H2O)], a type II molecular multiferroic.
  • To explore the relationship between electric polarization and field-induced spin reorientations.
  • To determine the magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms and spin-phonon interactions.

Main Methods:

  • High field polarization measurements.
  • Magneto-infrared spectroscopy.
  • Lattice dynamics calculations.
  • Prior magnetization studies.

Main Results:

  • Electric polarization shows a linear dependence on the magnetic field during spin reorientations, collapsing to zero at a specific transition.
  • Magnetoelectric coupling of 1.2 ps/m was observed in the P∥c, H∥c configuration between 5-25 T at 1.5 K, attributed to orbital hybridization.
  • Vibrational modes below 600 cm⁻¹ are sensitive to magnetic field-induced transitions, allowing extraction of spin-phonon coupling constants.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the complex mixing of charge, structure, and magnetism in (NH4)2[FeCl5·(H2O)] controlled by intermolecular bonds.
  • Field-induced spin reorientations directly impact electric polarization, demonstrating significant magnetoelectric coupling.
  • The findings provide insights into multiferroics and magnetoelectrics governed by through-space interactions, paving the way for new material designs.