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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

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Histone marks regulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via alternative splicing.

Alexandre Segelle1, Yaiza Núñez-Álvarez1, Andrew J Oldfield1

  • 1Institute of Human Genetics, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France.

Cell Reports
|February 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Histone modifications like H3K27ac and H3K27me3 directly control alternative splicing during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This epigenetic regulation drives key EMT features, offering insights into dynamic cell phenotype changes.

Keywords:
CRISPREMTH3K27alternative splicingchromatinepigenome editingepithelial-to-mesenchymal transitionhistone modifications

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Histone modifications influence gene splicing outcomes.
  • Evidence linking specific histone marks to cell-specific splicing changes is limited.
  • Alternative splicing plays a role in cellular reprogramming and phenotype changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of histone modifications in inducing cell-specific alternative splicing.
  • To determine if altering histone marks can recapitulate aspects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which histone marks regulate splicing during EMT.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CRISPR epigenome editing tools to precisely modify histone marks (H3K27ac, H3K27me3).
  • Employed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cell reprogramming system.
  • Analyzed splicing changes and their impact on cell motility and invasiveness.
  • Investigated the recruitment of splicing regulator PTB.

Main Results:

  • A single alteration in H3K27ac or H3K27me3 levels at an alternatively spliced exon was sufficient to induce splicing changes.
  • These induced splicing changes recapitulated key EMT characteristics, including increased cell motility and invasiveness.
  • The histone-mark-dependent splicing regulation was dynamic and mediated by direct recruitment of PTB.
  • Demonstrated a direct link between specific histone marks and cell phenotype changes via alternative splicing.

Conclusions:

  • H3K27ac and H3K27me3 marks are critical drivers of cell-specific alternative splicing.
  • Epigenetic control of alternative splicing by histone marks can dynamically alter cell phenotype, as exemplified by EMT.
  • Dynamic chromatin regulation provides a rapid mechanism to coordinate splicing responses to extracellular signals like EMT induction.