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Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
Published on: August 14, 2019
Ureteral Endoscopy to Detect Upper Urinary Tract Diseases in Horses
Sara Busechian1, Maria Chiara Marchesi1, Matteo Vuerich1
1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy.
Abstract:
Ureteral endoscopy is a routine procedure in human medicine, whereas the reports of this procedure on horses are few and far between. The aim of this paper is to describe the endoscopic technique to evaluate the ureters in standing, sedated horses. An endoscopy of the ureters and lower urinary tract was performed using flexible endoscopes on 4 horses, 3 mares and one gelding. The animals were sedated with alpha-2-agonists and an epidural anaesthesia was given. An endoscopy of the ureter in the horse is easy to perform, causes the animal no adverse effects and could provide significant information on the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the urinary tract.
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