Recent advances in novel diagnostic testing for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis remains a significant complication and an important cause of technique failure. Based on current International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines, diagnosis of peritonitis is made when two of the three following criteria are met: 1) clinical features consistent with peritonitis; 2) dialysis effluent white blood cell count of >100 cells/μL; 3) positive effluent culture. However, early and accurate diagnosis can still be faulty, and emphasis has been placed on improving the timeliness and accuracy of diagnosis to facilitate early effective treatment. There have been advances in the novel diagnostic tests such as point-of-care molecular tests, genetics sequencing, mass spectrometry, and machine learning algorithm with immune fingerprinting. This article will discuss the latest evidence and updates of these tests in the management of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.