Child Nutrition in Disaster: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Nutrition Science
• Disaster Management

Background:

• Disasters pose significant threats to children's nutritional health, affecting their overall well-being.
• Despite advancements in nutritional support, child malnutrition persists in disaster-affected regions.
• Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in disaster settings is critical for preventing malnutrition and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify existing gaps in child nutrition strategies within disaster contexts.
• To review the literature on nutritional challenges and interventions for children during and after disasters.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review of published articles from 1946 to 2020, primarily from PubMed, supplemented by other relevant sources.
• Inclusion of 103 articles that addressed child nutrition in disaster scenarios.
• Assessment of factors influencing child nutrition and existing guidelines.

Main Results:

• Disasters contribute to increased malnutrition (macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies), communicable diseases, and mental health problems in children.
• Key factors affecting child nutrition include pre-disaster malnutrition, food insecurity, shelter conditions, suboptimal breastfeeding, sociocultural influences, and administrative challenges.
• Standardized guidelines like the Sphere Project and Operational Guideline for IYCF in Emergency have been developed through collaborative efforts.

Conclusions:

• A coordinated approach encompassing preparedness, advocacy, policy development, and education for children, families, and aid workers is recommended.
• Regular nutritional assessments and dedicated IYCF support by authorities are essential during disasters.
• Future research should investigate food allergies and the impact of nutrition on child mental health in disaster settings.