Effectiveness of wireless emergency alerts for social distancing against COVID-19 in Korea

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wireless emergency alerts (WEAs) on social distancing policy. The Republic of Korea has been providing information to the public through WEAs using mobile phones. This study used five data sets: WEA messages, news articles including the keyword "COVID-19," the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients, public foot traffic data, and the government's social distancing level. The WEAs were classified into two topics-"warning" and "guidance"-using a random forest model. The results of the correlation analysis and further detailed analysis confirmed that the "warning" WEA topic and number of news articles significantly affected public foot traffic. However, the "guidance" topic was not significantly associated with public foot traffic. In general, the Korean government's WEAs were effective at encouraging the public to follow social distance recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the "warning" WEA topic, by providing information about the relative risk directly concerning the recipients, was significantly more effective than the "guidance" topic.