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Pacemaker lead rupture in a patient with subacute endocarditis: a case report
Lorenzo Caratti di Lanzacco1, Aurélien Wauters1,2
1Cardiology Department, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Background:
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infections are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Few cases have previously documented both lead endocarditis and lead rupture simultaneously.
Case Summary:
We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with a dual-chamber pacemaker presenting with subacute endocarditis and recurrent cholangitis. A few months prior, the patient was diagnosed with localized colon cancer and Streptococcus sanguinis lead endocarditis based on nuclear imaging. He was given prolonged antibiotic therapy and lead explantation was to be performed after sigmoidectomy. During the following weeks, his condition worsened and he was readmitted for biliary sepsis. A chest X-ray revealed, incidentally, a complete ventricular lead rupture. Pacemaker electrogram showed ventricular undersensing, loss of ventricular capture, and high impedance. As his health declined, removal of the pacemaker was deemed unreasonable and the patient died of biliary sepsis in the next few weeks.
Discussion:
We describe the case of an asymptomatic intracardiac lead fracture in the setting of colon cancer and a medically managed Streptococcus lead infection. As this complication occurred during lead infection, bacterial damage may have weakened the lead over time. As illustrated by the patient's outcomes, long-term antibiotic therapy should only be used in cases unsuitable for device removal. Complete hardware removal remains the first-line therapy in patients with CIED-related infections.
Insights
Cardiac implantable electronic device infections can cause lead endocarditis and rupture. In this case, a pacemaker lead fractured during a Streptococcus infection, highlighting the need for hardware removal over long-term antibiotics.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Medical Device Technology
Background:
- Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections present significant morbidity and mortality risks.
- Simultaneous CIED lead endocarditis and lead rupture are rare complications.
Observation:
- A 73-year-old patient with a pacemaker developed Streptococcus sanguinis lead endocarditis and colon cancer.
- The patient experienced worsening sepsis despite prolonged antibiotic therapy.
- A chest X-ray incidentally revealed a complete ventricular lead rupture.
Findings:
- The patient exhibited pacemaker malfunction, including undersensing and loss of capture.
- Bacterial damage from lead infection may have contributed to lead fracture.
- Complete CIED hardware removal is crucial for managing CIED infections.
Implications:
- Long-term antibiotic therapy is not a substitute for device removal in CIED infections.
- Prompt hardware removal is the primary treatment for CIED-related infections.
- This case underscores the potential for lead structural failure secondary to infection.
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