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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Sacrificial Co-solvent Electrolyte to Construct a Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

Yi-Nan Zhang1,2,3, Fang-Ling Jiang2, Fan Bai2

  • 1Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced lithium-oxygen battery performance by adding 1-methylimidazole (MeIm) to tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) electrolytes. This co-solvent electrolyte boosts discharge capacity and cycle life, improving battery stability and energy storage.

Keywords:
Li-O2 batteryMeIMco-solventsacrificial electrolytesolid electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lithium-oxygen batteries are crucial for energy storage.
  • Organic electrolytes in lithium-oxygen batteries suffer from side reactions with lithium metal, causing anode-electrolyte instability and poor battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the performance and stability of lithium-oxygen batteries.
  • To address the limitations of single tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of 1-methylimidazole (MeIm) as a co-solvent to the TEGDME electrolyte.
  • Analysis of the impact of the TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte on discharge capacity, Li salt dissociation, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.

Main Results:

  • The TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte increased discharge capacity by over two times compared to the single TEGDME electrolyte.
  • MeIm's high donor number facilitated a solution-based pathway for discharge products.
  • MeIm's high dielectric constant promoted Li salt dissociation, and its preferential decomposition formed a dense SEI layer, suppressing TEGDME decomposition.
  • Cycle performance was enhanced 18-fold compared to the single TEGDME electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • The TEGDME/MeIm co-solvent electrolyte significantly improves lithium-oxygen battery performance by enhancing discharge capacity and cycle life.
  • The co-solvent strategy effectively stabilizes the anode-electrolyte interface and promotes favorable reaction pathways.