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Tuberculosis in children with severe acute malnutrition

Bryan J Vonasek1, Kendra K Radtke2, Paula Vaz3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|February 17, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Childhood tuberculosis and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) disproportionately affect young children. Addressing their intersection requires better research on epidemiology, case finding, treatment, and integrated healthcare models to improve child health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Childhood tuberculosis (TB) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are significant global child health concerns.
  • The interaction between TB and SAM in children, especially those under five, has critical clinical and public health implications.
  • Addressing these co-occurring conditions is vital for improving child survival and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and public health implications of the interplay between tuberculosis and severe acute malnutrition in children.
  • To identify priority areas for improved programmatic implementation and future research regarding childhood TB and SAM.
  • To inform strategies for reducing mortality and morbidity associated with these intertwined diseases in young children.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted using PubMed and other relevant evidence.
  • The review focused on studies and information available up to August 2021.
  • The scope included the epidemiological, clinical, and programmatic aspects of TB and SAM co-occurrence in children.

Main Results:

  • The collision of childhood tuberculosis and severe acute malnutrition presents significant challenges to child health.
  • Effective strategies are needed to improve case finding and treatment for children with both conditions.
  • Integrated primary healthcare models are essential for addressing these co-existing diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is crucial to understand the epidemiological links between childhood TB and SAM.
  • Improved diagnostics and tailored treatment protocols are necessary for children with co-infection.
  • Integrating TB and SAM interventions into primary healthcare is key to achieving global child health goals.
Abstract

Keywords:
Childhood tuberculosissevere acute malnutritiontuberculosis

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