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Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Bird Embryo Development by Hatching without Eggshell
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Microplastics decrease the toxicity of sulfamethoxazole to marine algae (Skeletonema costatum) at the cellular and

Xue Li1, Jiwei Luo2, Hui Zeng2

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Microplastics (MPs) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) exhibit complex joint toxicity in marine algae. MPs can reduce SMX toxicity via adsorption, but some combinations, like polystyrene and SMX, increase oxidative stress.

Keywords:
Joint toxicityMetabolic analysisMicroplasticsOxidative stressSulfamethoxazole

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Marine Biology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are prevalent aquatic pollutants.
  • The combined toxicological mechanisms of MPs and SMX on marine organisms are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and joint toxicity of five MPs (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polylactic acid) and SMX on the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum.
  • To elucidate the underlying toxicity mechanisms, including oxidative stress and metabolic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing inhibition rates of single and combined exposures.
  • Measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
  • Utilizing metabolomics to analyze changes in metabolic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Single MPs showed varying toxicity, with polypropylene being the most toxic.
  • SMX addition decreased the toxicity of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polylactic acid MPs due to adsorption (shelter effect).
  • Polystyrene and SMX co-exposure elevated MDA, ROS, and SOD levels, indicating significant oxidative stress and altering glycerophospholipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • MPs can modify the toxicity of SMX through adsorption, with effects varying by MP type.
  • The joint toxicity of polystyrene and SMX involves oxidative stress and significant metabolic perturbations in Skeletonema costatum.
  • Findings provide insights into the complex interactions and toxicological mechanisms of microplastics and organic pollutants in marine ecosystems.