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Complement System

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

Published on: September 11, 2013

The Complement System in Retinal Detachment with Choroidal Detachment.

Shasha Luo^1,2, Yanghao Chen³, Lufei Yang¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.

Current Eye Research

|February 18, 2022

Summary

Complement activation is significantly elevated in retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). RRDCD shows increased MAC complex components, suggesting a key role in the condition.

Keywords:

Complement system retinal detachment with choroidal detachment rhegmatogenous retinal detachment vitreous humor

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Last Updated: Oct 3, 2025

Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

Published on: September 11, 2013

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

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Published on: November 6, 2010

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Intraoperative Visualization of Subretinal Injection and Retinal Detachment in Rats

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) are serious conditions affecting vision.
The role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of these detachments is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in vitreous humor complement components and regulatory factors in RRDCD and RRD patients.
To compare these levels with control groups.

Main Methods:

A prospective case-control study included 20 RRDCD patients, 20 RRD patients, and 35 controls (epiretinal membrane patients and cadavers).
Vitreous humor levels of C2, C4b, C5/C5a, C9, complement factor D (CFD), lectin, complement factor I (CFI), and soluble decay accelerating factor (sDAF) were measured.

Main Results:

Significantly increased levels of C2, C4b, C5/C5a, C9, CFD, lectin, CFI, and sDAF were observed in the RRDCD group compared to RRD and control groups.
RRD group showed elevated C2 and CFD compared to controls.
All three complement pathways were elevated in RRDCD, with increased MAC complex components.

Conclusions:

Complement activation is significantly elevated in RRDCD, involving all three pathways and the MAC complex.
Early complement activation is suggested in RRD, but not the final common pathway.
Elevated complement components, particularly MAC complex, may play a pathophysiologic role in RRDCD.