Recent Advances in Synthesis and Anticancer Potential of Triazole-Containing Scaffolds

Cancer is the most lethal disease that may be found anywhere globally. Approximately 10% of individuals die due to cancer of various types, with 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million deaths reported in 2020. More than 100 medications are commercially available for the treatment of cancer, but only a few candidates have high specificity, resulting in several side effects. The scientific community has spent the past decades focusing on drug discovery. Natural resources are used to isolate pharmaceutically active candidates, which are then synthesized in laboratories. More than 60% of all prescribed drugs are made from natural ingredients. Unique five-membered heteroaromatic center motifs with sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen atoms are found in heterocyclic compounds, such as indazole, thiazole, triazole, triazole, and oxazole, and are used as a core scaffold in many medicinally important therapies. Triazole possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antibiotic, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antiprotozoal activities. Novel triazole motifs with a variety of biological characteristics have been successfully synthesized using versatile synthetic methods. We intend here to facilitate the rational design and development of innovative triazole-based anti-cancer medicines with increased selectivity for various cancer cell lines by providing insight into various ligand-receptor interactions.