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Supergene origin and maintenance in Atlantic cod.

Michael Matschiner1,2,3, Julia Maria Isis Barth4, Ole Kristian Tørresen5

  • 1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. michael.matschiner@nhm.uio.no.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supergenes in Atlantic cod, sets of genes inherited together, originate from chromosomal inversions. These supergenes evolved over millions of years and are maintained by mechanisms similar to those in hybridizing species.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Genomics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Supergenes, groups of genes inherited as a single unit, control complex traits but their evolutionary origins are unclear.
  • Four large supergenes in Atlantic cod are associated with adaptation and migratory behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin and evolutionary maintenance of four supergenes in Atlantic cod.
  • To analyze whole-genome sequencing data and a new long-read genome assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing analysis
  • Comparative genomics
  • Phylogenetic analysis
  • GC content analysis

Main Results:

  • Chromosomal inversions underlie all four Atlantic cod supergenes, originating between 0.40 and 1.66 million years ago.
  • Gene flux via gene conversion occurs between supergene haplotypes in areas of cod population overlap.
  • Evidence of double crossover leading to gene fragment exchange, potentially aiding adaptation to low salinity.

Conclusions:

  • Atlantic cod supergenes are ancient structures maintained by chromosomal inversions and gene conversion.
  • Supergene maintenance mechanisms resemble those in hybridizing species, involving selective purging of variation.