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Outdoor temperature and circulating sodium in children with acute gastroenteritis

Gregorio P Milani1,2, Agnese Lo Leggio1, Massimo Luca Castellazzi2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Pediatric Research
|February 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

High outdoor temperatures increase the risk of hyponatremia in children with gastroenteritis. This finding highlights the impact of climate on pediatric electrolyte imbalances, urging further research.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Environmental Health
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Dysnatremias, particularly hyponatremia, are common complications in acute gastroenteritis.
  • Previous studies linked high temperatures to hyponatremia in adults and the elderly, but data in children with gastroenteritis were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between outdoor temperature and the risk of hyponatremia in children diagnosed with acute moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis.
  • To explore the influence of meteorological conditions on electrolyte balance in pediatric gastroenteritis patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of children under 10 years old admitted with acute gastroenteritis was studied retrospectively (2009-2019).
  • Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium levels < 135 mmol/L.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between hyponatremia and daily mean/apparent temperatures up to 14 days prior to admission.

Main Results:

  • An increased risk of hyponatremia was observed with higher outdoor temperatures on the sixth, eighth, and ninth days preceding admission (ORs ranging from 1.14 to 1.24).
  • Similar associations were found when analyzing average temperatures over the ten days before admission and apparent temperatures.
  • The study included 202 children, with 46% females.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a significant association between elevated outdoor temperatures and hyponatremia risk in children experiencing acute gastroenteritis.
  • The impact of meteorological factors on pediatric electrolyte imbalances warrants further investigation, especially in the context of climate change.
Abstract

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