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Unearthing soil arthropod diversity through DNA metabarcoding.

Monica R Young1,2, Paul D N Hebert1,2

  • 1Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Peerj
|February 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

DNA metabarcoding of soil samples reveals rich arthropod biodiversity, even in the Arctic. This method offers a rapid way to assess soil fauna diversity across large areas.

Keywords:
ArthropodsBiodiversityEnvironmental DNAMetabarcodingNGSSoil

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Genomics
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Soil arthropods are a highly diverse and abundant group of soil fauna.
  • DNA metabarcoding is a powerful tool for biodiversity assessment but has been underutilized for soil arthropods.
  • Limited research exists on applying DNA metabarcoding to bulk soil samples for arthropod diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of DNA metabarcoding for studying soil arthropod diversity.
  • To compare arthropod communities from soil and specimen samples in a temperate zone.
  • To investigate soil arthropod assemblages across multiple Arctic sites.

Main Methods:

  • DNA metabarcoding was applied to 22 bulk samples (3 specimen, 19 soil) from temperate and Arctic regions.
  • Analysis focused on species composition, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity.
  • Sequences were used to identify arthropod Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and higher taxonomic levels.

Main Results:

  • 410 arthropod OTUs were identified across 112 families, 25 orders, and 9 classes.
  • Temperate soil and specimen samples showed low species overlap but congruent diversity patterns at higher taxonomic levels.
  • Arctic soil samples revealed locally rich, dissimilar, and spatially structured arthropod assemblages.

Conclusions:

  • DNA metabarcoding of bulk soil is effective for rapid, large-scale soil arthropod diversity assessment.
  • Deep sequencing coverage is crucial for capturing species richness.
  • Expanding DNA barcode reference libraries is essential for improving taxonomic resolution.