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SARS in Cars: Carbon Dioxide Levels Provide a Simple Means to Assess Ventilation in Motor Vehicles
Muhammed F Haq1, Jennifer L Cadnum1, Matthew Carlisle1
1Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
Pathogens & Immunity
|February 18, 2022
Summary
Improving motor vehicle ventilation is crucial for reducing airborne virus transmission. Opening windows, using the fan, and disabling recirculation significantly lower carbon dioxide levels, indicating better air quality and reduced risk.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Public Health
- Transportation Safety
Background:
- Enclosed spaces, including motor vehicles, can facilitate airborne transmission of respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
- Understanding ventilation dynamics in vehicles is critical for mitigating transmission risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess motor vehicle ventilation under various driving conditions using carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements.
- To identify effective strategies for improving air quality within vehicle cabins.
Main Methods:
- Carbon dioxide levels were measured in 5 cars and 1 van with 2-3 occupants under diverse driving scenarios.
- Ventilation was evaluated with fan settings (on/off, recirculation/non-recirculation) and window positions (open/closed).
- Suboptimal ventilation was defined as CO2 concentrations exceeding 800 parts per million (ppm).
Main Results:
- CO2 levels remained below 800 ppm when the fan was operational or windows were open.
- Recirculation mode led to CO2 levels exceeding 800 ppm within 10 minutes in all tested vehicles.
- Non-recirculation mode with windows closed resulted in elevated CO2 levels during parked and city driving conditions.
Conclusions:
- Carbon dioxide monitoring offers a practical method for assessing vehicle ventilation.
- Simple interventions like opening windows, using the fan, and avoiding recirculation substantially enhance motor vehicle ventilation.
- Improved ventilation in vehicles can help reduce the risk of airborne pathogen transmission.
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