A review on low-temperature thermal desalination approach

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Global clean water scarcity is exacerbated by industrialization and population growth.
• Desalination is a key solution, with cost reduction and efficiency improvements being critical.
• Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) emerges as a promising, energy-efficient approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development of low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) processes.
• To analyze LTTD systems powered by various renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
• To provide recommendations for future advancements in sustainable desalination.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical data and technological advancements in LTTD.
• Analysis of energy sources (waste heat, thermoclines, renewables) for LTTD.
• Assessment of LTTD process viability and sustainability.

Main Results:

• LTTD operates at low temperatures (<50°C) and vacuum pressures, utilizing diverse energy inputs.
• Significant progress has been made in LTTD driven by renewable energy sources.
• The technology's development is influenced by water-energy demands and environmental considerations.

Conclusions:

• LTTD presents a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional desalination methods.
• Further research and development are recommended to optimize LTTD systems.
• This review guides researchers in selecting appropriate and sustainable LTTD approaches.