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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Tasks activating the default mode network map multiple functional systems.

Lorenzo Mancuso1, Sara Cavuoti-Cabanillas2, Donato Liloia1,3

  • 1FOCUS Lab Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 10, 10124, Turin, Italy.

Brain Structure & Function
|February 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The default mode network (DMN) is not a single entity but comprises multiple subsystems. Research shows the DMN supports both intrinsic and extrinsic functions along a continuous scale, challenging the traditional resting-state view.

Keywords:
Activation likelihood estimationDMNInsulaSemanticsTask-induced deactivations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Network Neuroscience

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) has traditionally been viewed as a unitary system associated with the resting state.
  • Emerging research suggests the DMN may be composed of multiple subsystems with distinct functional roles.
  • The DMN's involvement extends beyond task deactivation to include affective, mnemonic, and social functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional organization of the DMN beyond its canonical resting-state definition.
  • To explore the potential for DMN subsystems to support extrinsic cognitive functions.
  • To meta-analytically map DMN activations across diverse experimental paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the BrainMap database to identify and analyze brain activations associated with the DMN.
  • Computed activation likelihood estimation (ALE) maps for DMN-activating paradigms.
  • Generated a map of task-induced deactivations and employed multidimensional scaling and multivariate analyses.

Main Results:

  • A meta-analytic investigation revealed an anatomo-psychological gradient within the DMN, ranging from midline core (intrinsic functions) to lateral cortices (extrinsic functions).
  • Extrinsic DMN functions are particularly linked to reward, semantic processing, and emotional regulation.
  • DMN activation patterns during tasks often differ from the canonical resting-state DMN, sometimes including regions like the insula.

Conclusions:

  • The DMN is functionally heterogeneous, with distinct subsystems supporting diverse intrinsic and extrinsic cognitive processes.
  • The intrinsic-extrinsic functional organization of the DMN is better conceptualized as a continuous scale rather than a strict dichotomy.
  • Future research should consider the DMN's dynamic and distributed nature across a spectrum of cognitive tasks.